Pleural Tap-Guided Antimicrobial Treatment for Pneumonia with Parapneumonic Effusion or Pleural Empyema in Children: A Single-Center Cohort Study.

Parapneumonic effusion or pleural empyema (PPE/PE) is a frequent complication of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. Different management approaches exist for this condition. We evaluated a 14-day treatment with amoxicillin (AMX) with/without clavulanic acid (AMC) confirmed or modified by microbiological findings from pleural tap.

Chronic constipation causing obstructive uropathy in an adolescent male.

Chronic constipation causing obstructive uropathy is very rare in children and young adults. Nevertheless, it is one of the possible complications of ongoing constipation and can cause severe renal function impairment with the need for emergent disimpaction. We review the case of a young adult who presented to our emergency department with acute renal failure due to fecal impaction.

Isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient mapping of postnatal cerebral development.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) allows us to image the motion of tissue water. This has been used to demonstrate acute ischaemia. Diffusion imaging is also sensitive to water movement along neuronal tracts.

Brain development (sulci and gyri) as assessed by early postnatal MR imaging in preterm and term newborn infants.

Objective: To investigate fetal brain development in vivo using early postnatal cranial MRI in term and preterm newborn infants.

Study Design: 51 infants, 1.5-T whole-body system, extremity coil, spin-echo images obtained in all three planes (T1- and T2-weighted).

Diffusion-weighted MRI of middle cerebral artery stroke in a newborn.

Diffusion-weighted MRI of the brain is becoming clinically available as a tool to investigate cerebral ischaemia. We report a newborn girl presenting with seizures in whom diffusion-weighted MRI showed a large hyperintensity in the area perfused by the left middle cerebral artery. Short-term neurological follow-up before discharge was uneventful and the patient was discharged without sequelae.