Nitrates and phosphates in cave waters of Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, southern Poland.

The paper presents the varied presence of nitrates and phosphates in water from caves located in Częstochowa and Kraków, in urban, strongly anthropogenic conditions, representing the vadose zone of the fissure-karstic-porous massif of Upper Jurassic limestones. Hydrochemical research was carried out by the authors in the Cave on the Stone in Częstochowa in 2012-2015, in caves of the Zakrzówek horst from 1996 to 2002, and in the Dragon's Cave by the research team of J. Motyka in 1995-1998.

[Ergonomic evaluation of working conditions and the possibilities of their optimal improvement in small slaughterhouses].

Assessment of working conditions in small slaughter-butcher workshops was based on the measurements of microclimate, illumination intensity, noise level, physical work, load, health risk factors and of other parameters which increased the work strenuousness. The analysis showed that the working conditions were harmful, mainly due to unfavourable microclimate, too poor illumination and the magnitude of physical load which reached mid-heavy and heavy levels. Based on performed analysis of occupational hazards a list of simple technical procedures which could improve working conditions was established by the authors.