Saliva Malondialdehyde Concentration of Dogs With and Without Periodontal Disease.

The study investigated whether malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker for oxidative stress, can be used as a viable parameter in dog saliva for the diagnosis or early detection of periodontal disease (PD). Saliva MDA concentrations were measured preoperatively in dogs diagnosed with PD during dental prophylaxis and compared with those of dentally healthy dogs. 35 dogs were included in the study.

[Common veterinary practice in small animal anesthesia - an online survey among small animal practitioners in Europe].

Objectives: Survey concerning the situation of small animal anesthesia in Europe and assessment of the compliance with the guidelines of the AVA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) and the DVG specialty group VAINS (Veterinary Anesthesia, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine, and Pain Management).

Material And Methods: A link to an online survey with questions concerning anesthesia management (topics include demographics, equipment, monitoring, thermal management, pre-anesthetic examination, anesthetic protocol, and others) was sent to small animal practitioners in several countries.

Results: A total of 767 evaluable questionnaires came from Germany (n = 343), Austria (n = 216), Switzerland (n = 83), the United Kingdom (n = 38), France (n = 25), Hungary (n = 25), Scandinavia (n = 23), and "other countries" (n = 11).

Inhibition of the thioredoxin system by PX-12 (1-methylpropyl 2-imidazolyl disulfide) impedes HIV-1 infection in TZM-bl cells.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) entry is initiated by the binding between the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 and the host receptor CD4, and followed by reduction of structural disulfides of gp120 and CD4. The host thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) efficiently reduces disulfides of gp120 and CD4 in vitro, and recently CD4-dependent HIV-1 entry was shown to be inhibited by anti-Trx1-antibodies, indicating a central role for Trx1. 1-methylpropyl-2-imidazolyl disulfide (PX-12) is a reversible inhibitor of the Trx1 system that may also cause a slow irreversible thioalkylation of Trx1.

Three-Dimensional Geometry of Collagenous Tissues by Second Harmonic Polarimetry.

Collagen is a biological macromolecule capable of second harmonic generation, allowing label-free detection in tissues; in addition, molecular orientation can be determined from the polarization dependence of the second harmonic signal. Previously we reported that in-plane orientation of collagen fibrils could be determined by modulating the polarization angle of the laser during scanning. We have now extended this method so that out-of-plane orientation angles can be determined at the same time, allowing visualization of the 3-dimensional structure of collagenous tissues.

The Cellular Thioredoxin-1/Thioredoxin Reductase-1 Driven Oxidoreduction Represents a Chemotherapeutic Target for HIV-1 Entry Inhibition.

Background: The entry of HIV into its host cell is an interesting target for chemotherapeutic intervention in the life-cycle of the virus. During entry, reduction of disulfide bridges in the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 by cellular oxidoreductases is crucial. The cellular thioredoxin reductase-1 plays an important role in this oxidoreduction process by recycling electrons to thioredoxin-1.