Nanoscale Surface Modifications on Titanium Plates- A Strategy to Mitigate MRSA Biofilm-mediated Implant Infections: a pilot Study.

Orthopaedic implant infections pose a major threat after implantation. Biofilms of pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics cause biomaterial infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the prevalent biofilm-forming pathogens associated with implant infection in high proportion.

The COSPAR planetary protection policy for missions to Icy Worlds: A review of history, current scientific knowledge, and future directions.

Recent discoveries related to the habitability and astrobiological relevance of the outer Solar System have expanded our understanding of where and how life may have originated. As a result, the Icy Worlds of the outer Solar System have become among the highest priority targets for future spacecraft missions dedicated to astrobiology-focused and/or direct life detection objectives. This, in turn, has led to a renewed interest in planetary protection concerns and policies for the exploration of these worlds and has been a topic of discussion within the COSPAR (Committee on Space Research) Panel on Planetary Protection.