Glycine Transporter 1 Inhibitors Minimize the Analgesic Tolerance to Morphine.

Opioid analgesic tolerance (OAT), among other central side effects, limits opioids' indispensable clinical use for managing chronic pain. Therefore, there is an existing unmet medical need to prevent OAT. Extrasynaptic N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) containing GluN2B subunit blockers delay OAT, indicating the involvement of glutamate in OAT.

White plague among the "forgotten people" from the Barbaricum of the Carpathian Basin-Cases with tuberculosis from the Sarmatian-period (3rd-4th centuries CE) archaeological site of Hódmezővásárhely-Kenyere-ér, Bereczki-tanya (Hungary).

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that is well-known in the palaeopathological record because it can affect the skeleton and consequently leaves readily identifiable macroscopic alterations. Palaeopathological case studies provide invaluable information about the spatio-temporal distribution of TB in the past. This is true for those archaeological periods and geographical regions from when and where no or very few TB cases have been published until now-as in the Sarmatian period (1st-5th centuries CE) in the Barbaricum of the Carpathian Basin.

Insights into the Current and Possible Future Use of Opioid Antagonists in Relation to Opioid-Induced Constipation and Dysbiosis.

Opioid receptor agonists, particularly those that activate µ-opioid receptors (MORs), are essential analgesic agents for acute or chronic mild to severe pain treatment. However, their use has raised concerns including, among others, intestinal dysbiosis. In addition, growing data on constipation-evoked intestinal dysbiosis have been reported.

Pregabalin-Tolperisone Combination to Treat Neuropathic Pain: Improved Analgesia and Reduced Side Effects in Rats.

The current treatment of neuropathic pain (NP) is unsatisfactory; therefore, effective novel agents or combination-based analgesic therapies are needed. Herein, oral tolperisone, pregabalin, and duloxetine were tested for their antinociceptive effect against rat partial sciatic nerve ligation (pSNL)-induced tactile allodynia described by a decrease in the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) measured by a dynamic plantar aesthesiometer. On day 7 after the operation, PWTs were assessed at 60, 120, and 180 min post-treatment.

Telmisartan Is a Promising Agent for Managing Neuropathic Pain and Delaying Opioid Analgesic Tolerance in Rats.

Despite the large arsenal of analgesic medications, neuropathic pain (NP) management is not solved yet. Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) has been identified as a potential target in NP therapy. Here, we investigate the antiallodynic effect of AT1 blockers telmisartan and losartan, and particularly their combination with morphine on rat mononeuropathic pain following acute or chronic oral administration.