Immunological Pre-Metastatic Niche in Dogs With Naturally Occurring Osteosarcoma.

Pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation is essential for metastatic development and drives organotropism. Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles and soluble factors remodel the microenvironment of distant metastatic organs before subsequent metastasis. Dogs with osteosarcoma (OS) have proven to be excellent disease models for their human companions.

Persistent hypercoagulability in dogs envenomated by the European adder (Vipera berus berus).

Background: Envenomation by the European adder, Vipera berus berus (Vbb), is a medical emergency. The overall in vivo haemostatic effects of pro- and anticoagulant components in Vbb venom, and the downstream effects of cellular injury and systemic inflammation, are unclear.

Objectives: To longitudinally describe the global coagulation status of dogs after Vbb envenomation and compare to healthy controls.

Evaluation of Urinary Clusterin and Cystatin B as Biomarkers for Renal Injury in Dogs Envenomated by the European Adder (Vipera berus).

Dogs are commonly bitten by the European adder (Vipera berus) but studies investigating the effects of envenomation are limited. Snakebite-related kidney injury is reported in dogs but diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) might be limited by the insensitivity of routinely used renal function biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate novel biomarkers of renal injury (urinary cystatin B and urinary clusterin) and biomarkers of renal function (serum creatinine and serum symmetric dimethylarginine), and urine protein to creatinine ratio in dogs envenomated by V.

Serial serum creatinine, SDMA and urinary acute kidney injury biomarker measurements in dogs envenomated by the European adder (Vipera berus).

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in dogs, but diagnosis may be impaired due the insensitivity of routine renal function biomarkers to detect earlier or milder forms of injury. Snake envenomation is one of several causes of AKI in dogs and humans. Dogs are commonly envenomated by the European adder (Vipera berus) between April and October each year, but few studies exist examining serial serum creatinine (sCr) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) measurements and AKI biomarkers in these dogs.

Ambulatory electrocardiography and serum cardiac troponin I measurement in 21 dogs envenomated by the European adder (Vipera berus).

Background: Envenomation by the European adder (Vipera berus) is common in dogs in Europe. Cardiac arrhythmias occur but clinical studies of envenomated dogs are limited.

Objectives: To describe arrhythmias in dogs within 48 hours of envenomation, and investigate associations between arrhythmia grade, serum troponin I (cTnI), and snakebite severity score (SS score).