"Ashamed of being seen in an HIV clinic": a qualitative analysis of barriers to engaging in HIV care from the perspectives of patients and healthcare workers in the Daraja clinical trial.

Background: There is high post-hospital discharge mortality among persons with HIV who are hospitalized, and post-hospital survival is strongly associated with early HIV clinic linkage, clinic attendance, and antiretroviral therapy adherence. The Daraja intervention, a context-tailored case management strategy implemented and tested through a randomized trial in Tanzania, was associated with improved HIV clinic linkage, retention, and ART initiation and adherence.

Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) in a sub-sample of 40 study participants (20 control and 20 intervention) 12 months after enrollment into the trial to gain an in-depth understanding of the barriers to HIV care engagement and the perceived mechanisms through which the Daraja intervention impacted these barriers.

The Impact of "Close Margins" in HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with TORS.

Objective: Margin distance is a significant prognosticator in oral cavity cancer but its role in HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma [HPV(+)OPSCC] remains unclear. Here, we investigate the impact of margin distance on locoregional recurrence in HPV(+)OPSCC.

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study of surgically treated HPV(+)OPSCC patients.

National Trends and Benchmarks for Operative Time and Hospital Length of Stay in Parotidectomies.

Objective: The extent of parotidectomy for benign tumors has de-escalated in the United States. We aim to define modern benchmarks for operative time and hospital length of stay (LOS) in parotidectomy and identify risk factors that may prolong these benchmarks.

Study Design: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of all adults who underwent parotidectomy for a primary parotid neoplasm between January 2011 and December 2021 using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Divergent trajectories of Arctic change: Implications for future socio-economic patterns.

Climate change is causing rapid warming in the Arctic, which, alongside other physical, socio-economic, cultural, geopolitical, and technological factors, is driving change in the far north. This research presents a conceptual model summarizing Arctic change factors which in turn was used in the design of a Delphi exercise which leveraged a variety of experts to forecast trajectories in different parts of the Arctic. Based on these experts' expectations for economic and governance outcomes by 2050, we find that our results illustrate the "many Arctics" concept or some of the ways in which the Arctic is heterogenous now, and perhaps becoming increasingly so in the future.