Clinical techniques in veterinary dermatology Regional anaesthesia of the canine and feline nose.

Local anaesthesia techniques are now essential parts of the multimodal analgesic approach applied in the care of small animals. The sensory innervation of the nose is provided by the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve, so nasal pain can be prevented or alleviated by blocking branches of this nerve. Maxillary or infraorbital nerve block can be used if invasive procedures are performed on the nose of the canine and feline patients.

Optimising endotracheal length in adult cats: a retrospective CT study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the maximal endotracheal insertion length by measuring the larynx to carina (L-C) distance by means of CT. An additional objective was to establish certain anatomical landmarks to optimise the process of endotracheal intubation (ETI).

Methods: Head, neck and thoracic CT images from adult cats at a single referral hospital between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated.

Evaluation of corneal anaesthesia after the application of topical 0.5% bupivacaine, 2% lidocaine and 0.4% oxybuprocaine in normal horses.

Objective: To compare the corneal anaesthetic effect of 0.5% bupivacaine, 2% lidocaine and 0.4% oxybuprocaine on normal equine eyes.

Effects of Intravenous Flunixin Meglumine, Phenylbutazone, and Acupuncture on Ocular Pain Scores in the Horse: A Pilot Study.

In this controlled, blinded, randomized block pilot study, the main objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous flunixin meglumine, phenylbutazone, and acupuncture on ocular pain relief using a multifactorial pain scale in the horse. Four experimental horses underwent corneal epithelial debridement in four sessions, when a randomly selected treatment or a control was used. All horses were pain scored before corneal wounding, then at 18 time points, when 11 parameters were allocated.