Can interventions targeting MDSCs improve the outcome of vaccination in vulnerable populations?

Preventive vaccination is a crucial strategy for controlling and preventing infectious diseases, offering both effectiveness and cost-efficiency. However, despite the widespread success of vaccination programs, there are still certain population groups who struggle to mount adequate responses to immunization. These at-risk groups include but are not restricted to the elderly, overweight individuals, individuals with chronic infections and cancer patients.

Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer and Its Differentiation from Tuberculosis.

Background: The differential diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer (LC) is often challenging due to similar clinicopathological presentations when bacterial shedding is negative, which can lead to delays in treatment. In this study, we tested the potential of plasma-circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) for the early and differential diagnosis of TB and LC.

Methods: We conducted a two-phase study: profiling 188 miRNAs in pooled plasma samples and validating 14 selected miRNAs in individual plasma samples from 68 LC patients, 38 pulmonary TB patients, and 41 healthy controls.

Differential microRNA expression in the SH-SY5Y human cell model as potential biomarkers for Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene; the exact pathogenesis of HD currently remains unclear. One of the promising directions in the study of HDs is to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the development and role of microRNAs (miRNAs). This study aimed to identify the profile of miRNAs in an HD human cell line model as diagnostic biomarkers for HD.

Latest advancements in the development of new therapies for type 1 diabetes.

This study aims to explore new treatments for type 1 diabetes that could serve as an alternative or adjunct to insulin therapy. This is a literature review based on a search of relevant scientific articles in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. The scrutiny of publications revealed that the introduction of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists into insulin therapy can improve disease control and reduce the frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes.

Genetic polymorphism of Y-chromosome in Kazakh populations from Southern Kazakhstan.

Background: The Kazakhs are one of the biggest Turkic-speaking ethnic groups, controlling vast swaths of land from the Altai to the Caspian Sea. In terms of area, Kazakhstan is ranked ninth in the world. Northern, Eastern, and Western Kazakhstan have already been studied in relation to genetic polymorphism 27 Y-STR.