Gene regulation by convergent promoters.

Convergent transcription, that is, the collision of sense and antisense transcription, is ubiquitous in mammalian genomes and believed to diminish RNA expression. Recently, antisense transcription downstream of promoters was found to be surprisingly prevalent. However, functional characteristics of affected promoters are poorly investigated.

Rivastigmine interferes with the pharmacological activity of hydromethylthionine on presynaptic proteins in the line 66 model of frontotemporal dementia.

The negative interference of treatments between the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine and the tau aggregation inhibitor hydromethylthionine mesylate (HMTM) has been reported in Line 1 tau-transgenic mice, which overexpress a truncated species of tau protein that is found in the core of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer´s disease (AD). However, little is known about whether such interactions could affect synapses in mice overexpressing tau carrying pathogenic mutations. Here, we have used Line 66 (L66) mice which overexpress full-length human tau carrying the P301S mutation as a model in which tau accumulates in synapses.

White matter free water mediates the associations between placental growth factor, white matter hyperintensities, and cognitive status.

Introduction: Placental growth factor (PlGF) may regulate cerebrovascular permeability. We hypothesized that white matter interstitial fluid accumulation, estimated via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) free water (FW), would explain the associations between elevated PlGF, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and cognitive impairment.

Methods: MarkVCID consortium participants ≥55 years old with plasma PlGF and brain MRI were included.

Parieto-Frontal networks mediate contextual influences in the appraisal of pain and disgust facial expressions.

We appraise other people's emotions by combining multiple sources of information, including somatic facial/body reactions and the surrounding context. A wealthy literature revealed how people take into account contextual information in the interpretation of facial expressions, but the mechanisms mediating such influence still need to be duly investigated. Across two experiments, we mapped the neural representations of distinct (but comparably unpleasant) negative states, pain and disgust, as conveyed by naturalistic facial expressions or contextual sentences.