Nitrite and nitrate content in meat products and estimated nitrite intake by the Estonian children.

Public interest in nitrate and nitrite content reduction in meat products has increased; therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine nitrate and nitrite levels in commercial meat products as the main source of added nitrites, and to estimate their dietary intake by children. The intake of nitrite from processed meat products and drinking water by Estonian children was estimated. Daily intake estimations were based on the food consumption data of the National Institute for Health Development.

Inequalities in education and national income are associated with poorer diet: Pooled analysis of individual participant data across 12 European countries.

Background: Malnutrition linked to noncommunicable diseases presents major health problems across Europe. The World Health Organisation encourages countries to conduct national dietary surveys to obtain data to inform public health policies designed to prevent noncommunicable diseases.

Methods: Data on 27334 participants aged 19-64y were harmonised and pooled across national dietary survey datasets from 12 countries across the WHO European Region.

Preparation of Dutch food consumption data for risk assessment.

The availability of detailed and high-quality food consumption data collected at an individual level is essential for assessing the exposure to potential risks in the food chain. During the years 2012-2016, the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey was conducted in the Netherlands as part of the EU Menu survey, following the EFSA 2009 guidance on 'General principles for the collection of national food consumption data in the view of a pan-European dietary survey'. Complete results were obtained for 4,313 persons aged 1-79 years (response rate 65%).

Acrylamide in commercial foods and intake by infants in Estonia.

Acrylamide is formed when certain foods with low moisture are prepared at above 120 ºC, especially those foods containing asparagine and reducing sugars such as glucose and fructose. Acrylamide is a probable carcinogen, and from animal evidence the margins of exposure indicate a concern for neoplastic effects. On a body weight basis infants´ acrylamide intakes are often higher than those of adults.

American College of Surgeons NSQIP: quality in-training initiative pilot study.

Background: Clinical outcomes data are playing an increasingly important role in medical decision-making, reimbursement, and provider evaluation, but there are no documented programs that provide outcomes data to surgical residents as part of a structured curriculum. Our objectives were to develop a national collaborative of training programs to unify the efforts between quality and education personnel and demonstrate the feasibility of generating customized reports of patient outcomes for use in surgical education.

Study Design: The pool of potential hospitals was evaluated by comparing ACS NSQIP participants with the roster of clinical sites for general surgery residency programs maintained by FREIDA Online.