Bacterial production of recombinant contraceptive vaccine antigen from CatSper displayed on a human papilloma virus-like particle.

CatSper is a voltage dependent calcium ion channel present in the principal piece of sperm tail. It plays a crucial role in sperm hyperactivated motility and so in fertilization. Extracellular loops of mouse sperm CatSper were used to develop a vaccine to achieve protection from pregnancy.

Yeast-Based Virus-like Particles as an Emerging Platform for Vaccine Development and Delivery.

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are empty, nanoscale structures morphologically resembling viruses. Internal cavity, noninfectious, and particulate nature with a high density of repeating epitopes, make them an ideal platform for vaccine development and drug delivery. Commercial use of Gardasil-9 and Cervarix showed the usefulness of VLPs in vaccine formulation.

APRT deficiency: the need for early diagnosis.

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder which leads to accumulation of poorly soluble 2,8-dihydroxyadenine in kidneys resulting in nephrolithiasis as well as chronic kidney disease from crystal nephropathy. This report describes a 55-year-old previously fit man who presented with shortness of breath and the investigative pathway that eventually led to a diagnosis of APRT deficiency. Early diagnosis has aided in timely institution of allopurinol, thereby improving his renal function and possibility of weaning off renal replacement therapy.

Chronic periodontitis among diabetics and nondiabetics aged 35-65 years, in a rural block in Vellore, Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Chronic periodontitis is a common cause of poor oral health globally. Those at higher risk of this preventable and easily treatable condition need to be identified so that efforts can be taken to decrease disease burden and subsequent consequences.

Aims: The aims of the study were (1) To compare the prevalence of chronic periodontitis among individuals with and without type 2 diabetes, aged 35-65 years from a rural block in Vellore, Tamil Nadu and (2) to assess risk factors for chronic periodontitis among individuals with diabetes.

International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems coding underestimates the incidence and prevalence of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease in general medical patients.

Background: The international classification of diseases (ICD) code is frequently used to identify renal impairment in epidemiological research. However, Australian studies examining accuracy of this administrative data in coding kidney injury are lacking.

Aims: To compare the ICD 10 coding with the kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) criteria in diagnosing acute kidney injury (AKI) and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD).