Mammals, wildlife trade, and the next global pandemic.

Most new infectious diseases emerge when pathogens transfer from animals to humans. The suspected origin of the COVID pandemic in a wildlife wet market has resurfaced debates on the role of wildlife trade as a potential source of emerging zoonotic diseases. Yet there are no studies quantitatively assessing zoonotic disease risk associated with wildlife trade.

Indian guidelines for indications and timing of intervention for common congenital heart diseases: Revised and updated consensus statement of the Working group on management of congenital heart diseases.

A number of guidelines are available for the management of congenital heart diseases (CHD) from infancy to adult life. However, these guidelines are for patients living in high-income countries. Separate guidelines, applicable to Indian children, are required when recommending an intervention for CHD, as often these patients present late in the course of the disease and may have coexisting morbidities and malnutrition.

Correlated evolution of flower size and seed number in flowering plants (monocotyledons).

Background And Aims: Kin selection theory predicts that a parent may minimize deleterious effects of competition among seeds developing within ovaries by increasing the genetic relatedness of seeds within an ovary. Alternatively, the number of developing seeds could be reduced to one or a few. It has also been suggested that single or few seeded fruits may be correlated with small flowers, and multi-ovulate ovaries or many seeded fruits may be associated with large flowers with specialized pollination mechanisms.

Key technical steps in dual-pathway repair of congenital pulmonary vein stenosis.

We present the case of a 2-year-old girl with congenital stenosis of the left inferior pulmonary vein associated with a large perimembranous ventricular septal defect. The child underwent repair of the left inferior pulmonary vein with autologous left atrial appendage as a pedicled tube, followed by closure of the ventricular septal defect. Important technical steps to minimize the restenosis rate are highlighted.

Intraoperative customized double-patch device with twin sutures for multiple muscular septal defects.

Objectives: Closure of multiple muscular ventricular septal defects (VSDs) remains a challenge because of anatomical complexity.

Methods: We mapped all the VSDs using en face reconstruction of the right ventricular septal surface through echocardiography and then performed an 'Intraoperative Customized Double-Patch Device' technique to surgically close them in 39 patients (male:female = 25:14). The median age of the patients was 6 months (2 months-10 years), and mean weight was 5.