[Diagnostics of pneumothorax with ultrasound].

The article deals with a method of pneumothorax diagnostics based on verification of four ultrasound sings--lung sliding absence, B-lines absence, lung pulse absence and lung point presence. Use of ultrasound allows to quickly diagnose a pneumothorax and to monitor the condition of pleural space. Introduction of the ultrasound methods into routine work ICU specialists can increase safety of patients.

[Tracheostomy in the process of prolonged artificial pulmonary ventilation in patients with polytrauma].

One of modern tendencies of carrying out long ALV of patients with polytrauma is application of "early" tracheostomy. Thus optimum terms of early tracheostomy are defined indistinctly and vary from 2 to 10 days from beginning of ALV. It is established that at predicted long ALV of patients with polytrauma optimum terms of tracheostomy performance is the second period of traumatic illness (12-48 hours from the moment of getting trauma).

[Artificial ventilation with pressure monitoring during lararoscopic operations].

The efficiency of artificial ventilation (AV) with volume and pressure monitoring was compared during laparoscopic interventions. Certain advantages of AV with pressure monitoring were established, which appeared as a lower negative effect on pulmonary gas exchange, better parameters in oxygenation and respiratory mechanics as compared with volumetric ventilation, including at the stage of carboxyperitoneum. There is evidence that with the use of this ventilation mode, the cardiac performance parameters, such as cardiac and stroke indices, decrease to a lesser extent.