Assessment of the impact of smoke from thermal destruction of materials of different origins on soil health.

The results of the study of the influence of smoke from the thermal destruction of materials of vegetable and synthetic origin on the enzymatic activity of ordinary chernozem are presented. The decrease of activity of investigated indicators (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, invertase) from thermal destruction of pine sawdust, straw, coniferous and leaf fall, peat, and materials based on polystyrene, rubber, and polyvinyl chloride was revealed. A significant decrease in the activity of soil enzymes after exposure to gaseous products of combustion during 15-60 min of soil fumigation was found.

Assessment of the Ecotoxicity of Pollution by Potentially Toxic Elements by Biological Indicators of Haplic Chernozem of Southern Russia (Rostov region).

The content of various chemical elements such as metals, metalloids, and nonmetals in the environment is associated with natural and anthropogenic sources. It is necessary to normalize the content of metals, metalloids, and nonmetals as potentially toxic elements (PTE) in the Haplic Chernozem. The soils of the Southern Russia are of high quality and fertility.

Impact of Metal-Based Nanoparticles on Cambisol Microbial Functionality, Enzyme Activity, and Plant Growth.

An increase in the penetration of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) into the environment requires an assessment of their ecotoxicity as they impair the critical activity of plants, animals, bacteria, and enzymes. Therefore, the study aimed to observe the effects of metal-based NPs, including copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), on the Cambisols, which cover a significant part of the earth's soil and play an important role in the biosphere. Metal-based NPs were introduced into the soil at concentrations of 100, 1000, and 10,000 mg/kg.

Influence of Silver Nanoparticles on the Biological Indicators of Haplic Chernozem.

In recent years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in various industries due to their antibacterial properties, which lead to an increase in pollution of the environment and soil ecosystems. However, the ecological effects of soil pollution by AgNPs were poorly studied than that with AgNPs of other metal-based NPs. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of AgNPs on the biological properties of Haplic Chernozem.

Development of regional standards for pollutants in the soil using biological parameters.

The development of regional or local maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for a pollutant in the soil requires the field or laboratory simulation of pollution. The experimental design should include the control (uncontaminated soil with the background concentration of the pollutant) and at least three treatments with different pollutant concentrations in the range between 2 and 10 background values. Experiments are performed in at least three replicates.