Pediatric Randomized Clinical Trials in Community Hospitals: Strategies to Enhance Site Participation and Engagement.

Objective: Community hospitals provide the majority of inpatient pediatric care in the United States but face significant barriers to conducting research. More equitable research participation across the spectrum of hospital types that deliver inpatient pediatric care can improve pediatric care quality and generalizability of research findings. Thus, we sought to identify strategies to promote community hospital participation in pediatric randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Acute nicotine vapor attenuates sensorimotor gating deficits in HIV-1 transgenic rats.

Rationale: Despite improved life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH), HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) persists, alongside deficits in sensorimotor gating and neuroinflammation. PWH exhibit high smoking rates, possibly due to neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive-enhancing effects of nicotine, suggesting potential self-medication.

Objectives: Here, we tested the effects of acute nicotine vapor exposure on translatable measures of sensorimotor gating and exploratory behavior in the HIV-1 transgenic (HIV-1Tg) rat model of HIV.

Mitophagy at the oocyte-to-zygote transition promotes species immortality.

The quality of inherited mitochondria determines embryonic viability , metabolic health during adulthood and future generation endurance. The oocyte is the source of all zygotic mitochondria , and mitochondrial health is under strict developmental regulation during early oogenesis . Yet, fully developed oocytes exhibit the presence of deleterious mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondrial dysfunction from high levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species and exogenous toxicants .

Complex I superoxide anion production is necessary and sufficient for complex I inhibitor-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the 2 most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, but there is currently no cure and limited understanding of the pathogenesis resulting in dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Inhibitors of electron transport chain Complex I (CI) have long been associated with and are now used to model PD, but CI inhibition results in multiple effects including ATP depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The lack of tools to isolate effects of CI inhibition have rendered it difficult to determine which mechanistic step is critical for CI inhibitor-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration.

Promoting the implementation of clinical decision support systems in primary care: A qualitative exploration of implementing a Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO)-guided decision support system in asthma consultations.

Background: Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can promote adherence to clinical guidelines and improve patient outcomes. Exploring implementation determinants during the development of CDSSs enables intervention optimisation to promote acceptability, perceived appropriateness and fidelity during subsequent implementation. This study sought to explore how clinicians perceive the use of a CDSS which makes recommendations for asthma management based on factors including Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide testing, and how CDSSs can be designed to promote their implementation.