Skeletal Stem Cells: A Basis for Orthopaedic Pathology and Tissue Repair.

➢ Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) continually replenish mature cell populations to support skeletal homeostasis.➢ SSCs repopulate by self-renewal, have multilineage potential, and are long-lived in vivo.➢ SSCs express specific combinations of cell surface markers that reflect their lineage identity.

Lineage-specific amino acids define functional attributes of the protomer-protomer interfaces for the Rad51 and Dmc1 recombinases.

Most eukaryotes possess two Rad51/RecA family DNA recombinases that are thought to have arisen from an ancient gene duplication event: Rad51, which is expressed in both mitosis and meiosis; and Dmc1, which is only expressed in meiosis. To explore the evolutionary relationship between these recombinases, here, we present high-resolution CryoEM structures of Rad51 filaments and Dmc1 filaments bound to ssDNA, which reveal a pair of stacked interfacial aromatic amino acid residues that are nearly universally conserved in Rad51 but are absent from Dmc1. We use a combination of bioinformatics, genetic analysis of natural sequence variation, and deep mutational analysis to probe the functionally tolerated sequence space for these stacked aromatic residues.

QUEST-AI: A System for Question Generation, Verification, and Refinement using AI for USMLE-Style Exams.

The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) is a critical step in assessing the competence of future physicians, yet the process of creating exam questions and study materials is both time-consuming and costly. While Large Language Models (LLMs), such as OpenAI's GPT-4, have demonstrated proficiency in answering medical exam questions, their potential in generating such questions remains underexplored. This study presents QUEST-AI, a novel system that utilizes LLMs to (1) generate USMLE-style questions, (2) identify and flag incorrect questions, and (3) correct errors in the flagged questions.

The Transformative Teaching Framework: A roadmap for 21st century teaching.

The US healthcare system has changed dramatically in the past several decades. Nursing education, conversely, has not. This disparity, with a widening academic-practice gap prompted The National Academies to call on nursing education bodies to lead transformational change in nursing education to create the entry level and advanced practice nurses needed in the 21st century healthcare system (Wakefield et al.