Geometric Effects on C-C Coupling of Aryl-Carbenes under 2D Confinement.

It is well established that the confinement of reactants to two dimensions influences their reactivity. However, such confinement is often dominated by charge transfer effects between the reactants and the confining walls, in particular if the walls are conductive. Also, the reactivity of carbenes on metal surfaces is significantly affected by the charge transfer between the carbene and the metal, rendering the carbene more nucleophilic or electrophilic.

Increased Selectivity in Photolytic Activation of Nanoassemblies Compared to Thermal Activation in On-Surface Ullmann Coupling.

On-surface synthesis is a powerful method that has emerged recently to fabricate a large variety of atomically precise nanomaterials on surfaces based on polymerization. It is very successful for thermally activated reactions within the framework of heterogeneous catalysis. As a result, it often lacks selectivity.

The structure-giving role of Rb ions for water-ice nanoislands supported on Cu(111).

We characterize the effect of rubidium ions on water-ice nanoislands in terms of area, fractal dimension, and apparent height by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Water nanoislands on the pristine Cu(111) surface are compared to those at similar coverage on a Rb pre-covered Cu(111) surface to reveal the structure-giving effect of Rb. The presence of Rb induces changes in the island shape, and hence, the water network, without affecting the nanoisland volume.

Topical Application of Perchlorate: A Toxicity Study in Rats.

Purpose: To investigate the ocular safety profile of topical perchlorate as a potential preventive treatment for nasolacrimal obstruction associated with excessive use of radioactive iodine therapy.

Methods: Nine Wistar male rats (18 eyes) were randomly assigned to receive an ocular application (topical eye drop on the OD, 3 times a day for 5 days) consisting of either: 1) sterile saline solution, 2) 30 mg/ml NaClO4 or 3) 30 mg/ml KClO4. The rat eyes were examined daily for corneal cloudiness/clarity, discharge, mucous secretions, conjunctival injection, eyelid erythema, and/or changes in behavior.

Femtosecond Electron-Transfer Dynamics across the DO/Cs/Cu(111) Interface: The Impact of Hydrogen Bonding.

Hydrogen bonding is essential in electron-transfer processes at water-electrode interfaces. We study the impact of the H-bonding of water as a solvent molecule on real-time electron-transfer dynamics across a Cs-Cu(111) ion-metal interface using femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy. We distinguish in the formed water-alkali aggregates two regimes below and above two water molecules per ion.