Developmental axon diameter growth of central nervous system axons does not depend on ensheathment or myelination by oligodendrocytes.

Myelination facilitates the rapid conduction of action potentials along axons. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelinated axons vary over 100-fold in diameter, with conduction speed scaling linearly with increasing diameter. Axon diameter and myelination are closely interlinked, with axon diameter exerting a strong influence on myelination.

FBXW7 regulates MYRF levels to control myelin capacity and homeostasis in the adult CNS.

Myelin, along with the oligodendrocytes (OLs) that produce it, is essential for proper central nervous system (CNS) function in vertebrates. Although the accurate targeting of myelin to axons and its maintenance are critical for CNS performance, the molecular pathways that regulate these processes remain poorly understood. Through a combination of zebrafish genetics, mouse models, and primary OL cultures, we found FBXW7, a recognition subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, is a regulator of adult myelination in the CNS.

Person-level contributions of bipolar polygenic risk score to the prediction of new-onset bipolar disorder in at-risk offspring.

Background: Previous work indicates that polygenic risk scores (PRS) for bipolar disorder (BD) are elevated in adults and youth with BD, but whether BD-PRS can inform person-level diagnostic prediction is unknown. Here, we test whether BD-PRS improves performance of a previously published risk calculator (RC) for BD.

Methods: 156 parents with BD-I/II and their offspring ages 6-18 were recruited and evaluated with standardized diagnostic assessments every two years for >12 years.

Enhancing environmental policy through evidence synthesis: a review of the Environmental Evidence for the Future (EEF) Initiative.

The Environmental Evidence for the Future (EEF) Initiative emerged in response to the challenges and opportunities presented by the UK's decision to leave the European Union and its associated Environmental Frameworks. The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), working closely with the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) and UK stakeholders, developed the initiative to identify and address crucial evidence gaps, offering a long-term vision for environmental policy and sustainability. The EEF Initiative progressed through three stages: strategic priority identification, NERC panel award selection, and the production of Systematic Maps of existing evidence.

The Biology of Glia.

Glial cells play critical roles in the nervous system. Rather than being passive support cells as long thought, they are highly active participants. Recent work has shed new light on their many functions, include regulation of synapse formation and function, control of neural circuits, and neuro-immune interactions.