Publications by authors named "K McMartin"
Br J Clin Pharmacol
September 2024
Article Synopsis
- Methanol, ethylene glycol, and diethylene glycol are nontoxic until metabolized into harmful substances, leading to poisonings from various sources, including homemade alcohols.
- The treatment for such poisonings has traditionally involved ethanol, which reduces toxic metabolite formation, but it has practical challenges.
- Fomepizole has emerged as a preferable antidote due to its effectiveness, fewer side effects, and ease of use, although ethanol continues to be a backup option when fomepizole is unavailable or costly.
Article Synopsis
- Diethylene glycol (DEG) ingestion has led to severe kidney damage, with diglycolic acid (DGA), a toxic metabolite, accumulating in kidney tissues.
- Research shows that DGA is taken into kidney cells via dicarboxylate transporters, but efforts to assess its efflux using organic anion transporters (OATs) revealed minimal to no DGA release from these cells.
- The study concludes that enhancing OAT activity is not an effective method for decreasing DGA levels in kidney cells, indicating a need for alternative approaches to address the toxicity.
Clin Toxicol (Phila)
April 2023
Article Synopsis
- Diethylene glycol poisoning causes serious health issues like acute kidney injury and nerve damage, with varying effects observed among rats in studies, which relate to tissue accumulation of diglycolic acid.
- A key factor influencing this variability may be the levels of sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter-1 in rat kidneys, as those with higher expression showed more diglycolic acid uptake and associated kidney damage.
- Experimental methods included analyzing kidney tissue from treated rats using rt-PCR to measure the mRNA levels of the transporter, revealing that those with kidney injury had significantly more transporter expression than those without any toxicity.
Article Synopsis
- DEG is a toxic substance that can cause severe kidney damage through ingestion of contaminated pharmaceuticals, leading to conditions like acute kidney injury.
- DGA, a harmful metabolite of DEG, accumulates in kidney tissue and has a similar toxic effect when administered directly.
- The study found that DGA is absorbed in kidney cells via sodium dicarboxylate transporters, specifically NaDC-1 and NaDC-3, suggesting potential targets for reducing DGA uptake in the kidneys.
Clin Toxicol (Phila)
July 2022
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the impact of serum glycolate concentrations on prognosis, particularly in predicting acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality in patients exposed to ethylene glycol.
- The research aims to find alternative biochemical markers that can reliably indicate glycolate levels, given that direct testing is often not timely or widely available.
- A comprehensive review of literature identified relevant studies, culminating in the analysis of 32 selected articles, linking measured glycolate levels with clinical outcomes and exploring correlations with other biochemical tests.
