Pre-HIV α4β7hi CD4+ T cells and HIV risk among heterosexual individuals in Africa.

Background: CD4+ T cells expressing α4β7 are optimal targets for HIV infections, with higher pre-HIV α4β7hi expression linked to increased HIV acquisition and progression in South African women. However, similar associations were not observed in men who have sex with men (MSM) or people who inject drugs (PWID) in the Americas, indicating need for further research.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study enrolled heterosexual men and women from South Africa (HIV Vaccine Trials Network; HVTN 503) and East Africa (Partners Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/Couples' Observational Study; PP/COS), quantifying α4β7 expression on CD4+ T cells as a predictor of subsequent HIV risk using flow cytometry analyses.

Longer-term survival, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness of conservative versus liberal oxygenation targets in critically ill children: a pre-specified analysis from Oxy-PICU, a multicentre, open, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO) above 94% is typical in children in paediatric intensive critical care units (PICUs) who are receiving invasive ventilation and supplemental oxygen. In a previous report from the Oxy-PICU trial, we showed that lower (conservative) oxygenation targets (SpO 88-92%) are beneficial, showing small but statistically significant differences in duration of organ support and large but non-significant cost reductions at 30 days. In this pre-specified analysis of the Oxy-PICU trial, we compare longer-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness of conservative versus liberal (SpO >94%) oxygenation targets in children with emergency PICU admission.

Asymptomatic Bradycardia and Normal Chest Radiography in a Patient With Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: A Case Report of a Rare Entity.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is an uncommon condition caused by alveolar rupture due to increased intra-alveolar pressure resulting in air tracking along the tracheobronchial tree. While chest pain, neck pain, and dyspnea are the most commonly described symptoms, bradycardia could be an associated manifestation occasionally. In the majority of cases, pneumomediastinum is usually diagnosed on chest X-ray.

Risk of Hospitalization Among Assisted Living Residents Dually Enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid.

Objectives: To examine how risk of hospitalization among assisted living (AL) residents differs by dual enrollment in Medicare and Medicaid and by the percent of dually enrolled individuals in an AL community.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: We used Medicare data from 2008 to 2018 and a national directory of licensed AL communities to identify Medicare beneficiaries with a change in their ZIP+4 code suggesting a new residence in an AL.