Effects of ultrasound on maternal-fetal bonding: a comparison of two- and three-dimensional imaging.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two-dimensional (2DUS) compared to three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) imaging on the maternal-fetal bonding process.

Methods: Fifty mothers who had 2DUS and 50 who had 2DUS and 3DUS were included in the study. A postpartum survey by telephone interview was carried out to assess maternal-fetal bonding.

Matching strategies for drug studies of prepulse inhibition in humans.

Prepulse inhibition (PPI), a measure of sensorimotor gating, is impaired in certain neuropsychiatric disorders. Animal studies have revealed drug effects on PPI that may be relevant to understanding the biology of gating deficits in human populations. Recent efforts have examined similarities and differences in drug effects on PPI between rodents and humans.

Effects of caffeine on sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex in normal control subjects: impact of caffeine intake and withdrawal.

Rationale: Prepulse inhibition (PPI), a cross-species measure of sensorimotor gating, is impaired in certain neuropsychiatric disorders. This study was designed to assess caffeine effects on PPI in normal humans, as part of an effort to understand cross-species differences and similarities in the neurochemical regulation of PPI.

Methods: Startle was measured during a screening session; 7 days later, subjects were retested after placebo or caffeine (200 mg; double-blind design).