Information Needs Regarding Cognitive Late Effects of Caregivers of Central Nervous System Tumor Survivors.

Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor survivors are at risk for experiencing cognitive late effects (CLEs). Caregivers of survivors may be unaware of these changes or receive untimely information regarding CLEs. Conversely, health care providers (HCPs) may face barriers to providing education.

Measurement of circulation time in the retinal vasculature using selective angiography.

Retinal circulation times (RCT) and mean circulation time (MCT) in the retinal vasculature have been used to determine the effect of ocular disease on retinal circulation. Both RCT and MCT are usually determined by measuring dye dilution curves during a traditional fluorescein angiogram. The authors present a variation of the dye dilution technique.

Study of the mechanisms of laser-induced release of liposome-encapsulated dye.

To differentiate the contributing factors (blood or encapsulated dye) leading to the release of encapsulated dyes from liposomes after laser exposure, we initiated an in vitro experimental study. The release of encapsulated calcein was quantified under various experimental conditions in whole blood and in buffered solution containing high-density lipoprotein. Generally, the amount of dye release improved with an increase in laser power, with a maximum release of approximately 80% of encapsulated dye.

Determination of retinal blood velocity with respect to the cardiac cycle using laser-triggered release of liposome-encapsulated dye.

A system of selective angiography has been developed for measuring blood velocity in retinal arteries and veins. It uses a liposome-encapsulated fluorescent dye that is released by application of laser energy in a specific retinal vessel. The method is shown to be able to distinguish between peak systolic velocity and minimum diastolic velocity.