Supervised physical activity and the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) characterized by dysfunction in maintaining glucose homeostasis is recognized as the most common metabolic complication associated with pregnancy leading to adverse clinical outcomes for maternal and fetal health. Although previous analysis of the findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) support that regular physical activity reduces the incidence of GDM during pregnancy, less is known about the optimal timing of intervention with respect to trimester stage.

Objectives: To examine the interaction between both the timing and volume of supervised physical activity interventions on reducing the incidence of GDM during pregnancy.

Dietary Intakes of Folate, Vitamin D and Iodine during the First Trimester of Pregnancy and the Association between Supplement Use and Demographic Characteristics amongst White Caucasian Women Living with Obesity in the UK.

Folate, vitamin D and iodine are key micronutrients in pregnancy, with deficiency associated with poor maternal and infant outcomes. For folate and vitamin D especially, deficiency is more common amongst women with obesity and recommended intakes and guidance on supplementation varies worldwide. The present study aims to investigate dietary and supplementary intakes of these micronutrients amongst a population of pregnant women with obesity in the United Kingdom, alongside key maternal demographic characteristics.

The relationship between gestational weight gain, maternal upper-body subcutaneous fat changes and infant birth size: A pilot observational study amongst women with obesity.

Background: It is widely acknowledged that maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with increased risk of fetal macrosomia and recent studies have suggested a role for the timing and composition of GWG.

Aims: To examine the effect of the rate of change in GWG and maternal upper-body subcutaneous fat on neonatal anthropometric outcomes in a pilot observational study amongst women with obesity.

Study Design: Expectant women with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m at first antenatal appointment were recruited at 12 weeks gestation.

Health and quality of life among a cohort of patients having lateral internal sphincterotomy for anal fissures.

Aim: The aim of this study is to report changes in health-related quality of life attributable to lateral internal sphincterotomy for treatment of anal fissure. There is very little evidence on whether the overall health-related quality of life of patients is detrimentally affected by the condition, or which aspects of self-perceived health status improve after lateral internal sphincterotomy. This study will articulate which aspects of health tend to improve and guide postoperative expectations appropriately.

Nutrient Extraction Lowers Postprandial Glucose Response of Fruit in Adults with Obesity as well as Healthy Weight Adults.

Fruit consumption is recommended as part of a healthy diet. However, consumption of fruit in the form of juice is positively associated with type 2 diabetes risk, possibly due to resulting hyperglycemia. In a recent study, fruit juice prepared by nutrient extraction, a process that retains the fiber component, was shown to elicit a favorable glycemic index (GI), compared to eating the fruit whole, in healthy weight adults.