Frozen no more, a case study of Arctic permafrost impacts of oil and gas withdrawal.

Approximately 8100 km of Alaska are leased to the oil and gas industry for exploration and extraction. According to industry estimates, subsurface expansion from these leases could cover up to 130.2 km per pad.

Earth to Mars: A Protocol for Characterizing Permafrost in the Context of Climate Change as an Analog for Extraplanetary Exploration.

Permafrost is important from an exobiology and climate change perspective. It serves as an analog for extraplanetary exploration, and it threatens to emit globally significant amounts of greenhouse gases as it thaws due to climate change. Viable microbes survive in Earth's permafrost, slowly metabolizing and transforming organic matter through geologic time.

Diagnosis, management and genetic analysis of a cat with primary copper hepatopathy.

Case Summary: A 2-year-old spayed female domestic longhair cat was presented for evaluation of chronic ocular discharge and occasional vomiting. While physical examination findings were consistent with an upper respiratory infection (URI), serum chemistry results revealed increased liver enzyme activities. Histopathologic examination of a liver biopsy identified substantial centrilobular accumulation of copper in hepatocytes - strongly suggestive of primary copper hepatopathy (PCH).