Single-step dilatation in percutaneous nephrolithotomy, its safety and efficacy: A prospective, single-center study.

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is gold standard technique for the treatment of renal calculi larger than 2 cm or complex renal calculi. Establishment of nephrostomy tract is the important step during PCNL. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of single-step dilatation in patients with renal calculi undergoing PCNL.

A comparative study of ascending urethrogram and sono-urethrogram in the evaluation of stricture urethra.

Unlabelled: To compare the efficacy of sono-urethrogram and ascending urethrogram in the evaluation of stricture urethra.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study 40 patients with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms and suspected to be having stricture urethra were subjected to ascending urethrogram and sonourethrogram. The radiologist was blinded to the findings of ascending urethrogram.

Memory protective effect of indomethacin against electroconvulsive shock-induced retrograde amnesia in rats.

Background: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been suggested to retard cognitive decrements in patients with Alzheimer's disease. We postulated that NSAIDs also may protect acute disruption of memory.

Methods: We studied the effect of indomethacin (4 mg/kg/day) administered daily for 19 days on retrograde amnesia induced by two once-daily electroconvulsive shocks in rats.