Event-related potentials and presaccadic activity in response to affective stimuli in participants with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have difficulty with regulating their emotions and show reduced functioning of inhibitory control. It was reported previously that OCD patients had delayed antisaccade response and increased error rate only when affective pictures with negative valence served as fixation stimuli in "the antisaccade emotional fixation task". Complementary to the previous research, eye movements and late positive potential (LPP) for fixation stimuli and the presaccadic positivity (PSP) and spike potential (SP) before saccade onset, were compared in two groups of OCD and healthy volunteers.

Pupillometry and autonomic nervous system responses to cognitive load and false feedback: an unsupervised machine learning approach.

Objectives: Pupil dilation is controlled both by sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system branches. We hypothesized that the dynamic of pupil size changes under cognitive load with additional false feedback can predict individual behavior along with heart rate variability (HRV) patterns and eye movements reflecting specific adaptability to cognitive stress. To test this, we employed an unsupervised machine learning approach to recognize groups of individuals distinguished by pupil dilation dynamics and then compared their autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses along with time, performance, and self-esteem indicators in cognitive tasks.

Salivary Antioxidant Capacity and Magnesium in Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent disorder. The search for biomarkers may contribute to new knowledge about molecular pathogenesis and treatment. Since oxidative stress and micronutrient imbalance play a key role in the development of mental disorders, we aimed to study salivary antioxidant capacity and magnesium in patients with GAD in an anxiety model of solving problems with increasing complexity.

Event-Related Potential Study of Recovery of Consciousness during Forced Awakening from Slow-Wave Sleep and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep.

This work aimed to study the recovery of consciousness during forced awakening from slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) in healthy volunteers. To track the changes in the degree of awareness of the stimuli during the transition to wakefulness, event-related potentials (ERPs) and motor responses (MR) in the auditory local-global paradigm were analyzed. The results show that during awakening from both SWS and REM, first, alpha-activity restores in the EEG, and only 20 and 25 s (for REM and SWS awakenings, respectively) after alpha onset MR to target stimuli recovers.

[The negative impact of sleep disorders on working memory may be mediated by changes in carbohydrate metabolism].

Sleep restriction and sleep disturbances are very common in modern industrialized societies, increasing the risk for the development of chronic sleep deficiency in the long term. Sleep disturbances are known to affect cognitive functions, primarily, working memory - the ability to store, update, and manipulate information over brief intervals for use in complex cognitive problems solving. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the decline in working memory due to disturbed sleep are still unclear.