Toxicologic Pathology Forum: Opinion on Digital Primary Read and Peer Review-Diving Head-First Into the Deep Digital Pool!

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, digital pathology was increasingly used in veterinary education, diagnostics, and research. The pandemic accelerated this adoption as institutions needed to maintain operations amidst lockdowns. It also enabled pharmaceutical companies to conduct peer reviews digitally, circumventing travel restrictions.

Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Biological Sample Retention From Nonclinical Toxicity Studies.

Samples of biologic specimens and their derivatives (eg, wet tissues, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, histology slides, frozen tissues, whole blood, serum/plasma, and urine) are routinely collected during the course of nonclinical toxicity studies. Good Laboratory Practice regulations and/or guidance specify minimum requirements for specimen retention duration, with the caveat that retention of biologic specimens need not extend beyond the duration of sample stability. However, limited availability of published data regarding stability for various purposes following storage of each specimen type has resulted in confusion, uncertainty, and inconsistency as to the appropriate duration for storage of these specimens.

UVB mutagenesis differs in - and -mutant mouse models of melanoma.

-mutant melanomas are more likely than -mutant melanomas to arise in anatomical locations protected from chronic sun damage. We hypothesized that this discrepancy in tumor location is a consequence of the differential sensitivity of and -mutant melanocytes to ultraviolet light (UV)-mediated carcinogenesis. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the mutagenic consequences of a single neonatal, ultraviolet-AI (UVA; 340-400 nm) or ultraviolet-B (UVB; 280-390 nm) exposure in mouse models heterozygous for mutant or homozygous for mutant Tumor onset was accelerated by UVB, but not UVA, and the resulting melanomas contained recurrent mutations affecting the RING domain of MAP3K1 and Actin-binding domain of Filamin A.

Cotton Rat Placenta Anatomy and Fc Receptor Expression and Their Roles in Maternal Antibody Transfer.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and young children worldwide. Currently no vaccine is available to prevent RSV infection, but virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies can be given prophylactically, emphasizing the protective potential of antibodies. One concept of RSV vaccinology is mothers' immunization to induce high antibody titers, leading to passive transfer of high levels of maternal antibody to the fetus through the placenta and to the neonate through colostrum.