Thyroid tissue in cervical lymph nodes, not always malignant.

Thyroid tissue in cervical lymph nodes is an interesting and rare phenomenon that cannot be directly explained by embryology. Distinguishing malignant from benign thyroid tissue in cervical lymph nodes can be challenging but is essential for treatment and might have legal implications. Patients with incidentally found thyroid tissue in cervical lymph nodes during thyroid surgery were retrospectively identified.

Efficient or Fair? Operationalizing Ethical Principles in Flood Risk Management: A Case Study on the Dutch-German Rhine.

Flood risk management decisions in many countries are based on decision-support frameworks which rely on cost-benefit analyses. Such frameworks are seldom informative about the geographical distribution of risk, raising questions on the fairness of the proposed policies. In the present work, we propose a new decision criterion that accounts for the distribution of risk reduction and apply it to support flood risk management decisions on a transboundary stretch of the Rhine River.

Flood Catastrophe Model for Designing Optimal Flood Insurance Program: Estimating Location-Specific Premiums in the Netherlands.

As flood risks grow worldwide, a well-designed insurance program engaging various stakeholders becomes a vital instrument in flood risk management. The main challenge concerns the applicability of standard approaches for calculating insurance premiums of rare catastrophic losses. This article focuses on the design of a flood-loss-sharing program involving private insurance based on location-specific exposures.

Absence or low IGF-1R-expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma is associated with tumor invasiveness and radicality of surgical resection.

Background And Objectives: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) incidence increases, maybe due to increasing prevalences of obesity and diabetes. Concurrent hyperinsulinemia might promote carcinogenesis via the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-1R). Expression of the IGF-1R was studied in correlation with diabetes and prognostic parameters.

Detection bias may be the main cause of increased cancer incidence among diabetics: results from the Rotterdam Study.

Aim: Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased cancer risk. Most studies on this topic analyse diabetes as a risk factor without adjusting for diabetes duration before cancer occurrence. This study aimed to investigate the association between diabetes duration and cancer risk in more detail.