Treatment of symptomatic bipartite patella in patients <21 years of age: A systematic review and treatment algorithm.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop an evidence-based algorithm for the management of symptomatic bipartite patella in the pediatric and adolescent population based on a systemic review of the published literature.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines on PubMed and Embase, selecting for studies discussing the management of symptomatic bipartite patella.

Results: Five studies met criteria, involving 315 knees (314 patients, average age 15.

Utilization of Neuromonitoring in Surgical Cervical Spondylosis Patients With the Presence or Absence of Myelopathy. Is it Standard?

Study Design: Cross-sectional, observational study.

Objective: Investigate the frequency of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) utilization among Medicare patients diagnosed with cervical spondylosis (CS), both with and without myelopathy.

Background: IONM is widely used as a tool in spine surgery.

Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of oleic acid shifts the glycolipid fatty acid profile and increases resistance to antimicrobial peptides.

Staphylococcus aureus readily adapts to various environments and quickly develops antibiotic resistance, which has led to an increase in multidrug-resistant infections. Hence, S. aureus presents a significant global health issue and its adaptations to the host environment are crucial for understanding pathogenesis and antibiotic susceptibility.

Prospective Connectomic-Based Deep Brain Stimulation Programming for Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) relies on accurate lead placement as well as optimization of the stimulation parameters. Although clinical software tools are now available, programming still largely relies on a monopolar review, a tedious process for both patients and programmers.

Objective: This study investigates the safety and feasibility of prospective automated connectomic DBS programming (automated connectomic programming [ACP]), focusing on the recruitment of specific white matter pathways.

Microglia morphological response to mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles demonstrates EV therapeutic potential for modulating neuroinflammation.

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cell derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are a promising therapeutic for neuroinflammation. MSC-EVs can interact with microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, to exert their immunomodulatory effects. In response to inflammatory cues, such as cytokines, microglia undergo phenotypic changes indicative of their function e.