Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry characterisation of the anti-Listeria components of Garcinia kola seeds.

Adsorption chromatography was used to separate the bioactive constituents of the crude n-hexane extract of Garcinia kola seeds. The silica gel 60 column fractions were eluted using the solvent combination of benzene: ethanol : ammonium hydroxide (BEA) in the ratio combination of 36 : 4 : 0.4 v/v.

Diplonine, a neurotoxin isolated from cultures of the fungus Stenocarpella maydis (Berk.) Sacc. that induces diplodiosis.

Diplodiosis is a neuromycotoxicosis of cattle and sheep caused by ingestion of maize infected with the ear-rot fungus Stenocarpella (= Diplodia ) maydis . Apart from ataxia, paresis, and paralysis, the toxin is responsible for stillbirths and neonatal losses characterized by the presence of spongiform degeneration in the white matter of the brain in the offspring of dams exposed to infected maize cobs. In the present study a toxin, named diplonine, which induced neurological signs in guinea pigs resembling some of those occurring in cattle and sheep, was isolated from S.

A fluorescent investigation of subcellular damage in H9c2 cells caused by pavetamine, a novel polyamine.

Gousiekte, which can be translated literally as "quick disease", is one of the six most important plant toxicoses that affect livestock in South Africa. It is a plant-induced cardiomyopathy of domestic ruminants characterised by the sudden death of animals within a period of 4-8weeks after the initial ingestion of the toxic plant. The main ultrastructural change in sheep hearts is degradation of myofibres.

Damage to some contractile and cytoskeleton proteins of the sarcomere in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes after exposure to pavetamine.

Pavetamine, a cationic polyamine, is a cardiotoxin that affects ruminants. The animals die of heart failure after a period of four to eight weeks following ingestion of the plants that contain pavetamine. This immunofluorescent study was undertaken in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes (RNCM) to label some of the contractile and cytoskeleton proteins after exposure to pavetamine for 48 h.

Cytotoxicity and ultrastructural changes in H9c2(2-1) cells treated with pavetamine, a novel polyamine.

Intake of pavetamine, a novel polyamine, synthesized by certain rubiaceous plants, is the cause of gousiekte ("Quick disease") in ruminants. The disease is characterized by a latent period of 4-8 weeks, followed by heart failure. The aim of this study was to firstly investigate the cytotoxicity in H9c2(2-1) cells using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) release assays.