Interrelationship between lymphocytes and leptin in fat depots of obese mice revealed by changes in nutritional status.

The mechanisms underlying the relationships between nutritional status and immunity remain to be fully characterized. The present study was undertaken to analyze by flow cytometry, in the context of diet-induced obesity, the status of immune cells in subcutaneous, and epididymal fat depots in wild-type and immunodeficient Rag2-/- mice submitted to nutritional challenge, i.e.

Adipocyte size threshold matters: link with risk of type 2 diabetes and improved insulin resistance after gastric bypass.

Context: Adipocyte volume has been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Our purpose was to identify an adipocyte volume threshold linked with increased insulin resistance risk, and to examine its association with insulin resistance improvement after bariatric surgery.

Setting And Design: We investigated two cohorts of Caucasian women, candidates for bariatric surgery, from two institutional centers in France (age 42.

7β-Hydroxycholesterol-induced energy stress leads to sequential opposing signaling responses and to death of C6 glioblastoma cells.

7β-Hydroxycholesterol cytotoxicity has been shown in vivo and in vitro to be dependent on the accumulation of its esters. We show in our study, using a detergent-free raft preparation and LC/MS lipid content analysis, that membrane microdomains isolated from 7β-hydroxycholesterol-treated C6 cells have a reduced cholesterol: cholesterol ester ratio and accumulate 7keto-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol esters. These modifications in lipid content are accompanied by a redistribution of flotillin-1 in the lipid rafts.

Immune cells in adipose tissue: key players in metabolic disorders.

Obesity, defined as the excess development of adipose tissue, is an important risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Over the past few years, metabolic inflammation has emerged as a major process underlying the link between obesity and its associated pathologies. Adipose tissue appears to play a primary and crucial role as a source and site of inflammation.