Time perspective and exercise, obesity, and smoking: moderation of associations by age.

Purpose: Time perspective, a psychological construct denoting subjective orientation to either present or future concerns, has been inconsistently associated with healthy behaviors in adults. We hypothesized that associations would be stronger in young adults, who are first developing independent attitudes, than in older adults.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Time perspective and smoking, obesity, and exercise in a community sample.

Objective: To examine associations between time perspective and smoking, body mass index, and exercise.

Methods: In this community-based survey, adults reported smoking and exercise habits and weight and height and completed the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory.

Results: Subjects (N=265) who were more future oriented reported more frequent exercise, but were more likely to smoke.

A polymorphism of the interleukin-1beta gene and idiopathic recurrent miscarriage.

Objective: Proinflammatory cytokines have been described to be involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (IRM). We investigated the association between IRM and a polymorphism in exon 5 of the interleukin-1beta gene (IL1B) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) serum levels.

Design: Case control study.