The Kinesin Kar3 is Required for Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation.

Degradation of aberrant, excess, and regulatory proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a conserved feature of eukaryotic cells, disruption of which contributes to disease. While remarkable progress has been made in recent years, mechanisms and genetic requirements for ER-Associated Degradation (ERAD) remain incompletely understood. We recently conducted a screen for genes required for turnover of a model ER translocon-associated substrate of the Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase in .

Single-cell microbiota phenotyping reveals distinct disease and therapy-associated signatures in Crohn's disease.

IgA-coated fractions of the intestinal microbiota of Crohn's disease (CD) patients have been shown to contain taxa that hallmark the compositional dysbiosis in CD microbiomes. However, the correlation between other cellular properties of intestinal bacteria and disease has not been explored further, especially for features that are not directly driven by the host immune-system, e.g.

Comparative analysis of polystyrene versus zirconia beads on breakage kinetics, heat generation, and amorphous formation during wet bead milling.

This study determined process conditions under which polystyrene (CPS) and zirconia (YSZ) beads cause similar breakage kinetics and temperature rise during manufacturing of drug nanosuspensions via wet bead milling and explored relative advantages of CPS beads, particularly for stress-sensitive compounds. Besides temperature and particle size measurements, a microhydrodynamic-based kinetic model simulated the conditions for CPS to achieve breakage rates equivalent to those of YSZ. A power law correlation was applied to find conditions conducive to temperature equivalency.

Age-stratification reveals age-specific intestinal microbiota signatures in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objective: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) comprises diverse chronic inflammatory conditions driven by malfunction of the immune system. The intestinal microbiota is considered a crucial environmental factor correlating with chronic inflammatory diseases, and for JIA certain alterations in the microbiota have already been described.

Methods: Here, we have characterized intestinal microbiota samples from 54 JIA patients and 38 pediatric healthy controls by conventional 16S rRNA sequencing and by single-cell analysis for phenotypic features by multi-parameter microbiota flow cytometry (mMFC), which complements the population-based taxonomic profiling with the characterization of individual bacterial cells.

Pathogen Detection in Early Phases of Experimental Bovine Tuberculosis.

Bovine tuberculosis is caused by , a member of the complex of mycobacterial species that cause tuberculosis in humans and animals. Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis has relied on examinations of cell-mediated immune responses to proteins using tuberculin skin testing and/or interferon gamma release assays. Even when using these methods, disease detection during the earliest phases of infection has been difficult, allowing a window for cattle-to-cattle transmission to occur within a herd.