Neuroanatomical Variability and Substance Use Initiation in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence.

Importance: The extent to which neuroanatomical variability associated with early substance involvement, which is associated with subsequent risk for substance use disorder development, reflects preexisting risk and/or consequences of substance exposure remains poorly understood.

Objective: To examine neuroanatomical features associated with early substance use initiation and to what extent associations may reflect preexisting vulnerability.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Cohort study using data from baseline through 3-year follow-up assessments of the ongoing longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.

Adults living with dementia and chronic wounds, wound types, care challenges, and impact across dementia stages: A scoping review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map the existing evidence on the epidemiology, care challenges, and impacts of various wound types among individuals living with dementia across different stages of the disease.

Introduction: Dementia is a growing global health concern, projected to rise significantly as the population ages. This condition not only affects cognitive function but also increases the risk of chronic wounds in part due to impairments in mobility, self-care, and communication.

Changes in insulin sensitivity and gut peptides 8 and 52 weeks after bariatric surgery or low-calorie diet.

The endocrine consequences of weight loss by bariatric surgery (BS) and caloric restriction are not fully understood but contribute to variable improvements in insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic health. This study compared changes in insulin sensitivity and plasma concentrations of gut peptides 8 weeks and 1 year after BS and a low-calorie diet (LCD). Nineteen female patients with obesity self-selected BS (gastric bypass [n = 5] or sleeve gastrectomy [n = 7]) or LCD (n = 7) in this parallel-arm, prospective observational study.

Liposomal bupivacaine for sleeve gastrectomy is associated with improved opioid outcomes and lower odds of opioid use disorder: claims-based analysis.

Background: Patients undergoing bariatric surgery may be at increased risk for postsurgical opioid dependence, highlighting a need for opioid-sparing anesthesia.

Objectives: Liposomal bupivacaine (LB), a prolonged release formulation of bupivacaine, may improve postoperative pain management and reduce postsurgical opioid use. This retrospective claims-database study investigated the effects of LB versus non-LB analgesia on opioid use and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) in patients receiving laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Patient Perceived Barriers and Enablers to Medication Adherence in the Treatment of Depression: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Depression affects approximately 280 million individuals globally and it is a leading cause of disability. Despite effective medication options, 50% of patients prematurely discontinue antidepressants within 6 months. We sought to understand patients' perspectives regarding their needs and expectations related to antidepressants.