Apple Pomace as a Potential Source of Oxidative Stress-Protecting Dihydrochalcones.

Among fruits, the apple is unique for producing large amounts of the dihydrochalcone phloridzin, which, together with phloretin, its aglycone, is valuable to the pharmaceutical and food industries for its antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic properties, as well as its use as a sweetener. We analysed the phloridzin concentration, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in the peel, flesh, seeds, juice, and pomace of 13 international and local apple varieties. In the unprocessed fruit, the seeds had the highest phloridzin content, while the highest total phenolic contents were mostly found in the peel.

Using Gated Recurrent Unit Networks for the Prediction of Hemodynamic and Pulmonary Decompensation.

This paper presents a new medical severity scoring system, used to assess the risk of hemodynamic and pulmonary decompensation for patients being treated in intensive care units. The score presented here includes drug circulatory support and ventilation mode data for the evaluation of the patient's biosignals and laboratory values. It is shown that Gated Recurrent Unit-based neural networks are able to predict the maximal severity class within a 24 hour prediction time-frame (hemodynamic: 0.

The (Bio)chemical Base of Flower Colour in .

is a yellow flowering plant, originating from Mexico, which is increasingly popular as an ornamental plant. In the past few years, new colour combinations ranging from pure yellow over yellow-red, white-red, pure white and purple have emerged on the market. We analysed 16 genotypes to provide insight into the (bio)chemical base underlying the colour formation, which involves flavonoids, anthochlors and carotenoids.

Molecular and Enzymatic Characterization of Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase of × .

× (apple) accumulates particularly high amounts of dihydrochalcones in various tissues, with phloridzin (phloretin 2'--glucoside) being prevalent, although small amounts of 3-hydroxyphloretin and 3-hydroxyphloridzin are also constitutively present. The latter was shown to correlate with increased disease resistance of transgenic × plants. Two types of enzymes could be involved in 3-hydroxylation of dihydrochalcones: polyphenol oxidases or the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H), which catalyzes B-ring hydroxylation of flavonoids.

Dahlia variabilis cultivar 'Seattle' as a model plant for anthochlor biosynthesis.

We investigated the bi-colored dahlia cultivar 'Seattle', which exhibits bright yellow petals with white tips, for its potential use as a model system for studies of the anthochlor biosynthesis. The yellow base contained high amounts of the 6'-deoxychalcones and the structurally related 4-deoxyaurones, as well as flavones. In contrast, only traces of anthochlors and flavones were detected in the white tips.