Intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila complements the efficacy of PD1 therapy in MAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are not effective for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and identifying the key gut microbiota that contributes to immune resistance in these patients is crucial. Analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing reveals a decrease in Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) during MAFLD-promoted HCC development. Administration of Akk ameliorates liver steatosis and effectively attenuates the tumor growth in orthotopic MAFLD-HCC mouse models.

Understanding the Measurement of Pressure Within the Spinal Cord to Optimize Spinal Cord Perfusion Pressure Using a Porcine Model of Spinal Cord Injury.

Recent studies have reported that monitoring spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP) using a pressure probe to measure "intraspinal pressure" (ISP) within the subdural space at the injury site may improve the hemodynamic management of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. This study aimed to investigate, within a pig model of SCI, the relationship between the ISP measured within the subdural space and the "spinal cord pressure" (SCP) measured within the spinal cord itself. Specifically, we sought to characterize the changes to ISP and SCP over time, both rostral and caudal to the injury epicenter, and in relation to native spinal cord morphometry.

Nutritional value of common carbohydrate sources used in pet foods.

Diet digestibility can vary based on factors such as the type of ingredients, processing techniques, formulation, fiber content, and nutrient interactions. Unlike proteins and fats, there is no specific carbohydrate requirement, which typically constitutes 30%-60% of commercial dried dog foods. Because of the significant proportion of carbohydrates in dog food, this study aimed to evaluate the differences in nutrient digestibility among barley, brown rice, corn, mung bean, and rice, which are common carbohydrate sources in commercial dog foods.

Environmental DNA/RNA metabarcoding for noninvasive and comprehensive monitoring and assessment of marine fishes.

Marine fisheries resources are under increasing threat, necessitating the development of new effective monitoring and management strategies. Environmental DNA (eDNA) and RNA (eRNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a non-invasive and sensitive alternative method for monitoring fish biodiversity and fisheries resources and assessing the fisheries impact of anthropogenic activities. Here, we summarize crucial technical details about eDNA metabarcoding for marine fish monitoring and provide meta-analytical trends in primer selection and sample size, assessment standards, fish and fisheries databases, reference fish genomic databases, and other relevant metrics.

Neuropeptide-mediated activation of astrocytes improves stress resilience in mice by modulating cortical neural synapses.

Astrocytes are known to modulate synaptogenesis or neuronal activities, thus participating in mental functions. It has been shown that astrocytes are involved in the antidepressant mechanism. In this study we investigated the potential hormonal mediator governing the astrocyte-neuron interplay for stress-coping behaviors.