Mediating Photochemical Reaction Rates at Lewis Acidic Rare Earths by Selective Energy Loss to 4f-Electron States.

Manifesting chemical differences in individual rare earth (RE) element complexes is challenging due to the similar sizes of the tripositive cations and the corelike 4f shell. We disclose a new strategy for differentiating between similarly sized Dy and Y ions through a tailored photochemical reaction of their isostructural complexes in which the f-electron states of Dy act as an energy sink. Complexes RE(hfac)(NMMO) (RE = Dy () and Y (), hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate, and NMMO = -methylmorpholine--oxide) showed variable rates of oxygen atom transfer (OAT) to triphenylphosphine under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, as monitored by H and F NMR spectroscopies.

Differential Effects of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 6 (RDR6) Silencing on New and Old World Begomoviruses in .

RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs) are key players in the antiviral defence mediated by RNA silencing in plants. RDR6 is one of the major components of the process, regulating the infection of certain RNA viruses. To better clarify its function against DNA viruses, we analyzed the effect of RDR6 inactivation (RDR6i) in plants on two phloem-limited begomoviruses, the bipartite Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV) and the monopartite tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV).

Direct Blockade of the Norovirus Histo-Blood Group Antigen Binding Pocket by Nanobodies.

Noroviruses are the leading cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. These viruses usually interact with histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), which are considered essential cofactors for norovirus infection. This study structurally characterizes nanobodies developed against the clinically important GII.

Coordination Chemistry-Driven Approaches to Rare Earth Element Separations.

Current projections for global mining indicate that unsustainable practices will cause supply problems for many elements, called critical raw materials, in the next 20 years. These include elements necessary for renewable technologies as well as artisanal sources. Energy critical elements (ECEs) comprise a group used for clean, renewable energy applications that are in low abundance in the Earth's crust or require an economic premium to extract from ores.

Natural extracts, honey, and propolis as human norovirus inhibitors.

Norovirus is the most important cause of acute gastroenteritis, yet there are still no antivirals, vaccines, or treatments available. Several studies have shown that norovirus-specific monoclonal antibodies, Nanobodies, and natural extracts might function as inhibitors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the antiviral potential of additional natural extracts, honeys, and propolis samples.