Interpolyelectrolyte complexes of in vivo produced dsRNA with chitosan and alginate for enhanced plant protection against tobacco mosaic virus.

We developed a formulation of long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) using interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs) composed of the biopolymers chitosan and alginate, in order to protect the dsRNA from biotic and abiotic factors. Our primary objectives were to enhance stability of dsRNA against environmental nucleases and, secondarily, to mitigate the negative charge of the dsRNA, which may promote foliar uptake. Our approach relies on submicron particles with adjustable surface charge being either positive or negative.

Expert consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic non-bacterial osteitis (CNO) in adults.

Background: There is considerable practice variation in labelling, diagnosis and treatment of adults with sterile bone inflammation. We developed a expert consensus recommendations on the disease definition, diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition.

Methods: Systematic literature review and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations-based appraisal of evidence, two Delphi surveys and three digital and in-person consensus meetings with a multidisciplinary expert panel and patient representatives.

Trends and Disparities in Parkinson's Disease Mortality in the United States with Predictions Using Machine Learning.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by the degradation of dopaminergic pathways in the brain. As the population in the United States continues to age, it is essential to understand the trends in mortality related to PD. This analysis of PD's mortality characterizes temporal shifts, examines demographic and regional differences, and provides machine-learning predictions.

Comparison of different liver fibrosis scores following sleeve gastrectomy.

Purpose: The prevalence of obesity, along with that of its associated health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is increasing annually. Bariatric surgery is indicated for the treatment of obesity if conservative treatment fails. While various liver fibrosis scores have been proposed for assessing liver function, they are typically used prior to bariatric surgery.

Association between resolution of MRI-detected inflammation and improved clinical outcomes in axial spondyloarthritis under long-term anti-TNF therapy.

Objectives: In this post-hoc analysis of ESTHER trial, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between inflammation on MRI and the achievement of inactive disease/low disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) treated with long-term tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor etanercept.

Methods: Of the 76 patients with active axSpA in the ESTHER trial, we included all patients treated with etanercept for at least 6 months for main analysis. All clinical and MRI data from 4.