The Revised PENIS Score and proposal of the PACKAGE Checklist: a meta-epidemiologic study on penile amputation and replantation.

Introduction: Penile amputation causes severe physical and psychosocial distress. Microsurgical implementation in penile replantation is presumed to be superior to surgical repair. This assumption has been difficult to verify.

Epiphyseal fusion and dental development in Pan paniscus with comparisons with Pan troglodytes.

Objectives: Compared with frequent studies of skeletal development in chimpanzees, relatively little is known about bonobo skeletal development. This study seeks to explore the relationship between skeletal and dental development in both species of Pan. New data are presented for fusion sites not previously observed in bonobos.

A multivariate approach to assess variation in tooth mineralization using free-lived and captive-raised chimpanzees (P. troglodytes).

Objectives: Understanding variation in dental development among primates is important to accurately characterize species-specific sequences and times of tooth formation. Conventional approaches that summarize dental development data (i.e.

Analysis of correlations between measures of skeletal development and dental mineralization in Pan troglodytes.

Objectives: This study seeks to assess the relationship between dental mineralization and skeletal development in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and to evaluate the effect that differing numbers of ordinal and continuous variables have on correlation statistics, particularly in comparison with prior human studies.

Materials And Methods: This study evaluated epiphyseal fusion, dental mineralization, and growth in length of long bones using 145 juvenile chimpanzee skeletons housed in osteological collections at the Powell-Cotton Museum, the Museum of Central Africa, and the Adolph Schultz Collection.

Results: Correlations between multiple epiphyseal fusion sites and dental maturity scores for crown and root mineralization were produced using Pearson's r, Spearman's ρ, and Kendall's τ.

Epiphyseal fusion in Pan troglodytes relative to dental age.

Previous studies on different aspects of chimpanzee growth and development have documented dental eruption and development, long bone and somatic growth, and to a lesser extent, skeletal fusion. Such data are useful in comparative and evolutionary studies of growth and some aspects of life history evolution in apes and early hominids. However, few studies have integrated dental development and other aspects of skeletal development, and none of these have been able to incorporate a large study sample.