Evaluation of relatively low dose of oral transmucosal ketamine premedication in children: a comparison with oral midazolam.

Background: Oral Transmucosal ketamine (lollipop) has been shown to be an effective, harmless preoperative medication for children. However, its efficacy was not compared with commonly used premedication drugs. We, therefore, compared the efficacy of oral transmucosal ketamine with oral midazolam for premedication in children.

[The influence of intermittent hemodialysis (HD) on bispectral index (scale) (BIS) and serum propofol concentration under postoperative intravenous sedation].

We experienced a case of postoperative intravenous sedation with propofol during intermittent hemodialysis (HD), and investigated the correlation between the clinical sedation level based on bispectral index scale (BIS) together with Ramsay score, and the serum concentration of propofol. One adult oral cancer patient (carcinoma of the lower gingiva) with end-stage renal dysfunction needing HD was selected for this study. The day after operation, HD was commenced under intravenous sedation with propofol.

Effect of mild hypothermia on inodilator-induced vasodilation of pial arterioles in cats.

Background: Mild hypothermia has been proposed as a means of providing cerebral protection after traumatic brain injury. However, hypothermia has been shown to alter not only physiologic but also pharmacologic responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether mild hypothermia (3-4 degrees C temperature reduction) could alter cerebral vasodilation induced by inodilators, which are characterized by having an inotropic effect in addition to a vasodilatory effect.

Mild hypothermia can enhance pial arteriolar vasodilation induced by isoflurane and sevoflurane in cats.

Objective: Volatile anesthetics have been shown to dilate cerebral vessels. Recent evidence suggests that mild hypothermia can alter vascular reactivity of the cerebral vessels. However, the effect of mild hypothermia on volatile anesthetic-induced vasodilation of cerebral vessels is unknown.

[The relationship between end-tidal isoflurane concentration and electroencephalographic bispectral index during isoflurane/epidural anesthesia].

We studied the effects of increases in isoflurane concentration on the bispectral index (BIS) in 16 patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery during isoflurane/epidural anesthesia. In 8 patients, the lungs were ventilated with an air/oxygen mixture (inspired oxygen fraction 0.33) [N(-) group], and in another 8 patients, the lungs were ventilated with 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen [N(+) group].