Consecutive Transformations of Tetrafluoropropenes: Hydrogermylation and Catalytic C-F Activation Steps at a Lewis Acidic Aluminum Fluoride.

Functionalization reactions of the refrigerants HFO-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) and HFO-1234ze (1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) were developed. The selectivity and reactivity towards CF groups of C-F activation reactions can be controlled by employing either a germane or a silane as the hydrogen source. Unique transformations were designed to accomplish consecutive hydrogermylation and C-F activation steps.

Four-year follow-up of acromegalic patients treated with the new long-acting formulation of Lanreotide (Lanreotide Autogel).

Lanreotide Autogel (Ipsen) is a long-acting somatostatin analogue (SA) in a new galenic formulation suitable for subcutaneous (s.c.) injection.

Early ultrastructural changes of myocardial endothelial cells in traumatic haemorrhagic shock in rats.

The aim of this study was to assess early traumatic haemorrhagic shock (THS)-induced changes in myocardial endothelial cells (mECs) both morphologically and morphometrically. The mECs of capillaries of the left ventricular myocardium were investigated by electron microscopy 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after a standardised THS and compared to a control group. With the use of a computer-assisted image analysis system, we measured the following morphometric parameters--height, area, circumference, cytoplasmic processes, and interendothelial junctions--and determined the number and distribution of cytoplasmic vesicles in every mEC.

Swelling of capillary endothelial cells contributes to traumatic hemorrhagic shock-induced microvascular injury: a morphologic and morphometric analysis.

The endothelial cell (EC) response during the first 2 h after traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS) was analyzed in the rat mesentery by electron microscopy. Using a computer-assisted image analysis system, we interactively measured THS-induced changes of the area and the mean height of EC as well as the number of swollen EC occluding the capillary lumen. Analysis distinguished between capillaries presenting with the lumen blocked by corpuscular blood cells and capillaries with an open lumen.

Cytoskeletal alterations in endothelial cells of mesenteric microcirculatory bed in experimental traumatic haemorrhagic shock.

The purpose of our investigations was to answer the question of whether an increased number of cytoskeletal structures (CSS) in endothelial cells (EC) of the mesenteric terminal vascular bed will be seen in the early phase of a traumatic haemorrhagic shock (THS). A THS was induced in 32 adult R-rats according to a standardized model (fracture of right heel and withdrawal of one third blood volume through carotid catheter). Eight animals each time were killed 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after shock induction.