High resolution anorectal manometry in patients with anorectal dysfunctions and the therapeutic consequences.

Introduction: High resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) is a diagnostic method indicated in patients with anorectal dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of anorectal dysfunctions and to assess therapeutic consequences.

Methods: Retrospective data of consecutive patients referred to HRAM in the period from March 2019 to February 2021 were evaluated.

3D high-resolution anorectal manometry selected case reports.

Presented selected case reports are focused on the individual cases of patients suffering from functional anorectal disorders. During the examination algorithm, the emphasis is on 3D high-resolution anorectal manometry, which is a useful diagnostic technique and helps to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms in the field of functional anorectal disorders. Thanks to a comprehensive examination an individualized treatment plan can be determined for each patient.

Update and review of diagnosing functional anorectal disorders - standardized protocol for high-resolution anorectal manometry and the London classification.

Complex anorectal examination including a detailed medical history, physical proctological examination and evaluation of the sensorimotor and structural function of the anorectum is essential for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of functional anorectal dysfunction. The aim of the work is to provide an overview of diagnosing functional anorectal disorders according to the new update and consensus statement of the International Anorectal Physiology Working Group (IAPWG) with a focus on indications, a standardized examination protocol and introduction of the new London classification of anorectal dysfunction. The indications are: fecal incontinence, defecation disorders, functional pelvic (anorectal) pain, evaluation before an anorectal intervention and before planned delivery to assess the function of a previously traumatized anal sphincter.