Photogrammetric analysis of limb joint angles in cows with normal gait before and after hoof trimming.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hoof trimming on overall limb movements by comparing the changes in 8 limb joint angles 1 wk before and 1 wk after hoof trimming. Seventeen Holstein-Friesian dairy cows that were able to move freely and had no history of hoof diseases were included in the study. The cows were walked on rubber mats with a high friction coefficient (HFM) and a low friction coefficient (LFM) due to the spraying of sodium polyacrylate.

Antibody response to 1.0 and 0.5 mL doses of an inactivated bacterial vaccine against bovine respiratory disease in young Holstein calves: a field trial.

Introduction: Early vaccination of cattle with an inactivated commercial bacterial vaccine against bovine respiratory disease has been reported to increase antibody production and can alleviate the disease. However, its dosage has been little investigated in young Holstein calves. This study addresses the need to establish guide values for vaccine dosage in these animals.

Effect of supplementation with CNCM I-1079 on vaccine response to an inactivated bacterial vaccine in young Japanese Black calves: A field trial.

group (SB group) calves were fed 2.0 × 10 CFU/day of in milk replacer after 2 wk of age. All calves received inactivated vaccine for , and at 3 wk of age and 3 wk later.

mRNA expression of immune factors by milk somatic cells from healthy Holstein lactating cows.

This study investigated the mRNA of immune factors expressed by milk somatic cells from 72 healthy lactating Holstein cows on 1 farm. Milk samples were collected aseptically from the right front mammary gland before milking. The milk samples that had a negative reaction to the California mastitis test were used to analyze the mRNA of immune factors.