A Prospective Phase II Trial of First-line Osimertinib for Patients with EGFR Mutation-positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Poor Performance Status (OPEN/TORG2040).

Introduction: Osimertinib is the first-line treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have EGFR mutations and favorable performance status (PS). Despite increasing clinical data on osimertinib, evidence in patients with an impaired PS remains limited. Therefore, a multicenter phase II trial (OPEN/TORG2040) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line osimertinib for patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC and poor PS.

Cell cycle-dependent regulation of CRISPR-Cas9 repetitive activation by anti-CRISPR and Cdt1 fusion in the CRISPRa system.

CRISPR-Cas9 is a widely used genome-editing tool. We previously developed a method with improved homology-directed repair efficiency and reduced off-target effects by utilizing a fusion protein of AcrIIA4, a Cas9 inhibitor, and Cdt1, which accumulates in the G1 phase and activates Cas9 only in the S/G2 phase. However, it is unknown whether Cas9 inhibition by AcrIIA4 + Cdt1 occurs repeatedly in the G1 phase as the cell cycle progresses.

Usefulness of bronchial sputum aspirate specimens for the diagnosis of Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease.

Background: The usefulness of bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) has been reported. However, performing bronchoscopy for aspirated sputum and airway secretion specimens (sputum aspirate specimens) in the region extending from the trachea down to the orifice of each segmental bronchus has been poorly documented. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of sputum aspirate specimens collected from the central airway using bronchoscopy.

Challenges Faced by Family Caregivers of Individuals Living with Dementia in Japan During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background/objectives: This study investigates the challenges faced by family caregivers of individuals with dementia in Japan, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 500 family caregivers of patients with dementia.

Results: 56.

Observational study of the efficacy and safety of first-line osimertinib and later treatments for uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor-activating mutation-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a first-line therapy for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations, including both sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations. Its real-world efficacy against uncommon EGFR mutations remains under-researched.

Methods: The REIWA study, a multicentric, prospective, observational study conducted in Japan from September 2018 to August 2020, enrolled patients with advanced or recurrent EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC receiving osimertinib.