Short oral treatment regimens for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis are safe and effective for young children: results from a field-based, non-randomised clinical trial from Kandahar, Afghanistan.

https://bit.ly/3UnWm43

What it takes to get it right: A qualitative study exploring optimal handover of health programmes in Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone.

Since 2015 Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has been supporting the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Tonkolili district, Sierra Leone, with an integrated health care approach at the community, primary health centre (PHC), and hospital level. This programme is planned to be handed over to MoH. To prepare for this handover, a qualitative study exploring elements of a successful handover was undertaken in 2019.

Person-centred care and short oral treatment for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis improve retention in care in Kandahar, Afghanistan.

Objectives: To describe the effect of adaptations to a person-centred care with short oral regimens on retention in care for rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) in Kandahar province, Afghanistan.

Methods: The study included people with RR-TB registered in the programme between 01 October 2016 and 18 April 2021. From 19 November 2019, the programme implemented a trial investigating the safety and effectiveness of short oral RR-TB regimens.

Bedaquiline and delamanid result in low rates of unfavourable outcomes among TB patients in Eswatini.

Since 2015, Eswatini has been scaling up bedaquiline (BDQ) and delamanid (DLM) based drug-resistant TB treatment regimens under programmatic conditions. Identification of factors associated with treatment outcomes in patients receiving BDQ and/or DLM either as a new treatment initiation or drug substitution. This is a retrospective cohort study of patients receiving BDQ and/or DLM in Eswatini between March 2015 and October 2018.

Sex differences in the ability of corticostriatal oscillations to predict rodent alcohol consumption.

Background: Although male and female rats differ in their patterns of alcohol use, little is known regarding the neural circuit activity that underlies these differences in behavior. The current study used a machine learning approach to characterize sex differences in local field potential (LFP) oscillations that may relate to sex differences in alcohol-drinking behavior.

Methods: LFP oscillations were recorded from the nucleus accumbens shell and the rodent medial prefrontal cortex of adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.