Rationale: Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) hinders lung transplant success. A 2019 consensus refined CLAD diagnosis, introducing probable or definite CLAD based on persistence of lung function decline. Outcomes and risks for probable CLAD remain uncertain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a rare group of inherited red blood cell disorders that affect hemoglobin, resulting in serious multi-system complications. The limited number of patients available to participate in research studies can inhibit investigating sophisticated relationships. Secondary analysis is a research method that involves using existing data to answer new research questions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and American Medical Association (AMA) recommend that online health information be written at a maximum 6th grade reading level. The aim was to evaluate online resources regarding shoulder arthroscopy utilizing measures of readability, understandability, and actionability, using syntax reading grade level and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT-P).
Methods: An online Google™ search utilizing "shoulder arthroscopy" was performed.
The inability of dairy calves to fully respond to immune stimuli until they reach maturity at 6 mo of age severely limits the use of parenteral vaccines to protect calves against disease. Immune responses are metabolically demanding, and immune cells rely on mitochondrial metabolites for their functionality. Due to the essential role of mitochondria in driving T-cell responses necessary for vaccine efficacy, we hypothesized that the mitochondrial function of dairy calf lymphocytes changes with age, from birth to immunologic maturity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicronutrients, such as vitamins and trace minerals, are critical for supporting growth, performance, health and maintaining redox balance. Zinc (Zn), an essential micronutrient, aids the functioning of innate and adaptive immune cells. This scoping review aims to assemble and evaluate the evidence available for the role of Zn within calf immunity.
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