Multicellular structures in thin free liquid films induced by thermocapillary effect.

Hypothesis: Multicellular convective structures that are induced in a fluid exposed to temperature difference are commonly observed in nature and in daily life. Different types of basic flow patterns are induced in a free liquid film by thermocapillary effect, whereas the formation of such multicellular structures has not been hitherto unravelled.

Experiments: A thin film of high-Prandtl-number liquid is prepared in a rectangular aperture of the order of 0.

Effects of Anti-Glaucoma Prostaglandin Ophthalmic Solutions on Cultured Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.

: We compare the cytotoxicity of anti-glaucoma prostaglandin ophthalmic solutions on human corneal epithelial cells and elucidate mechanisms of toxicity. : Cell viability was examined using MTS assay, and morphological changes of the cells were observed. Induction of necrosis/apoptosis was measured by colorimetric caspase assay.

Loliolide, a Carotenoid Metabolite, Is a Potential Endogenous Inducer of Herbivore Resistance.

Jasmonic acid (JA) plays an important role in the induction of herbivore resistance in many plants. However, JA-independent herbivore resistance has been suggested. An herbivore-resistance-inducing substance was isolated from -infected tobacco () leaves in which a hypersensitive response (HR) was induced and identified as loliolide, which has been identified as a β-carotene metabolite.

Limited Azithromycin Localization to Rabbit Meibomian Glands Revealed by LC-MS-Based Bioanalysis and DESI Imaging.

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the leading cause of dry eye, and although it affects approximately 4% of the population, treatment options remain limited. Topical azithromycin is one of the most promising pharmacological agents because of its multiple mechanisms of action and long sustainability. Azithromycin is frequently used as an off-label medication in the U.

Penetration Route of the Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonist SA22465 and Betamethasone into Rabbit Meibomian Gland Based on Pharmacokinetics and Autoradiography.

Meibomian glands are modified sebaceous glands embedded within specific types of dense connective tissues. This study investigated drug penetration into meibomian glands following a single topical administration in rabbits. We measured time course concentrations of the selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist (SEGRA) SA22465 and betamethasone in lid margins, palpebral conjunctival epithelium, and meibomian glands following a single instillation using a newly established collection method.