Ultrasound for the detection of the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland.

Purpose: The pyramidal lobe (PL) is an ancillary lobe of the thyroid gland that can be affected by the same pathologies as the rest of the gland. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of high-resolution sonography in the detection of the PL with verification by dissection and histological examination.

Methods: In a prospective, cross-sectional mono-center study, 50 fresh, non-embalmed cadavers were included.

Omission of lateral lymph node dissection in medullary thyroid cancer without a desmoplastic stromal reaction.

Background: Medullary thyroid cancer can be subdivided during surgery into tumours with or without a desmoplastic stromal reaction (DSR). DSR positivity is regarded as a sign of disposition to metastasize. The aim of this study was to analyse whether lateral lymph node dissection can be omitted in patients with DSR-negative tumours.

The 40bp Indel Polymorphism rs150550023 in the Promoter is Associated with Intriguing Shifts in Gene Expression in the p53-MDM2 Regulatory Hub.

Most low-penetrance genetic risk factors for cancer are located in noncoding regions, presumably altering the regulation of neighboring genes. The poorly characterized Indel polymorphism rs150550023 (rs3730485; del1518) in the promoter of (human homolog of mouse double minute 2) is a biologically plausible candidate genetic risk factor, which might influence the expression of , a key negative regulator of the central tumor suppressor p53. Here, we genotyped rs150550023 in a Central European hospital-based case-control study of 407 breast cancer patients and 254 female controls.

Expression of somatostatin receptor 2A in medullary thyroid carcinoma is associated with lymph node metastasis.

Medullary carcinoma (MTC) is an aggressive tumour that derives from the thyroid parafollicular calcitonin-secreting cells (C cells). Lymph node metastasis may occur early in disease pathogenesis and is one of the most important negative prognostic parameters. Surgery is the only curative therapy while chemotherapeutic options are limited.

Expression of hypoxia-associated proteins in sporadic medullary thyroid cancer is associated with desmoplastic stroma reaction and lymph node metastasis and may indicate somatic mutations in the VHL gene.

Medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) are mostly aggressive but slowly growing malignant tumours that metastasize early to loco-regional lymph nodes. Desmoplastic stroma reaction is a strong risk factor associated with lymph node metastases. We evaluated immunohistochemically the expression of two hypoxia-associated proteins, carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF1α), and ki-67, intercellular matrix adhesion molecule E-cadherin and the stroma remodelling marker tenascin C in a series of 100 sporadic MTCs and corresponding lymph node metastases, if present.