Joint optimization of land carbon uptake and albedo can help achieve moderate instantaneous and long-term cooling effects.

Both carbon dioxide uptake and albedo of the land surface affect global climate. However, climate change mitigation by increasing carbon uptake can cause a warming trade-off by decreasing albedo, with most research focusing on afforestation and its interaction with snow. Here, we present carbon uptake and albedo observations from 176 globally distributed flux stations.

Detecting Hot Spots of Methane Flux Using Footprint-Weighted Flux Maps.

In this study, we propose a new technique for mapping the spatial heterogeneity in gas exchange around flux towers using flux footprint modeling and focusing on detecting hot spots of methane (CH) flux. In the first part of the study, we used a CH release experiment to evaluate three common flux footprint models: the Hsieh model (Hsieh et al., 2000), the Kljun model (Kljun et al.

Impact of synthetic silver nanoparticles on the biofilm microbial communities and wastewater treatment efficiency in experimental hybrid filter system treating municipal wastewater.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) threaten human and ecosystem health, and are among the most widely used engineered nanomaterials that reach wastewater during production, usage, and disposal phases. This study evaluated the effect of a 100-fold increase in collargol (protein-coated AgNP) and Ag ions concentrations in municipal wastewater on the microbial community composition of the filter material biofilms (FMB) and the purification efficiency of the hybrid treatment system consisting of vertical (VF) and horizontal (HF) subsurface flow filters. We found that increased amounts of collargol and AgNO in wastewater had a modest effect on the prokaryotic community composition in FMB and did not significantly affect the performance of the studied system.

Low water level drives high nitrous oxide emissions from treatment wetland.

Wetlands that are restored for carbon sequestration or created for water treatment are an important sources of greenhouse gases, especially methane. The emission of nitrous oxide (NO) from these systems is often considered negligible due to the inundation and anerobic conditions that support complete denitrification. We used closed chamber method to analyze NO fluxes over a long-term period across heterogeneous wetland ecosystem constructed for treating nitrate-rich agricultural runoff.

Structure and function of the soil microbiome underlying NO emissions from global wetlands.

Wetland soils are the greatest source of nitrous oxide (NO), a critical greenhouse gas and ozone depleter released by microbes. Yet, microbial players and processes underlying the NO emissions from wetland soils are poorly understood. Using in situ NO measurements and by determining the structure and potential functional of microbial communities in 645 wetland soil samples globally, we examined the potential role of archaea, bacteria, and fungi in nitrogen (N) cycling and NO emissions.